Berries, Trellising and Harvest

Marionberries on trellis

Eating berries is one of my favorite summer activities. Saving them for later use is also a favorite past time. There are many ways of preserving berries -making jams and jellies, canning or freezing them whole or even dehydrating them for a hiking snack with nuts and seeds. Anyway you do it berries are an awesome treat.

Introduction to Permaculture Workshop June 23, 2012 in Chico, CA

Flier for Intro to Permaculture Workshop

Brian and I, via our business Gaia Creations, will be teaching an Introduction to Permaculture Workshop next month in Chico, CA. The focus of this workshop is to invite the community to learn more about permaculture in general and at the same time begin/continue networking with each other to gain experience in permaculture design strategies for effective local food production and resource efficiency.

An Elderberry Volunteers -Applying Permaculture Principle Number One in Our Backyard

Work With Nature Rather Than Against It: We can assist rather than impede natural elements, forces, pressures, processes, agencies, and evolutions.

Observe and Interact: By taking the time to engage with nature we can design solutions that suit our particular situation.

Elderberry volunteer 4-25-08

This beautiful California native shrub (photo above) is a volunteer plant.  He sprouted up a few years ago, probably from the seed of a passing bird, and staked his claim on what our family had planned to be a sunny Zone 2 herb garden… and we let him take over.  Once we did our due diligence of his habits and functions, that is.  What we found are shrubs like the native Elderberry (Sambucus mexicana) are insectary plants and provide pollen, nectar, shelter, as well as undisturbed habitat, for beneficial insect predators and parasites. 

From grass to habitat garden... our front yard 2005-2011

Our rural 1/3 acre of land in Northern California has been our home and office as well as a continual experiment in ecological land care and permaculture for over 6 years.  Our decision to relocate to the 'city' this month has us pondering just how much we've improved this particular piece of land in the short amount of time we've been here...  so I decided to take a journey back in time. 

Rope swing 2011

Unbeknown to us in 2005 we moved into a chemical dependent neighborhood; neighbors who rely on pest control companies, Round Up and weed/feed for regular property maintenance.  Within our own property we found enamel paint had been washed out on the back lawn and evidence of recent herbicide and pesticide spraying around our new house (pest company sticker in the garage with the date of application).  Gardening ecologically for a long time we have learned a lot about how to make the transition from a chemical dependent landscape to an organic and biologically based one and how to do it with little time and effort.

Volunteer plants in a Feijoa arbor guild

I love plants that volunteer in the garden.  Some of my favorite and most cherished plants have been volunteers.  They’re almost always sturdy and very healthy having found an ideal niche to germinate and grow in.  Two volunteers I found this year are equally useful and beautiful -Borage (Borago officinalis) and English Plantain (Plantago lanceolata).  Both volunteered in our Feijoa arbor guild.

This particular guild’s central plant is the Feijoa (Feijoa sellowiana).  Actually 2 Feijoas create the arbors’ archway between two of our gardens and each has a nestling of plants at the base which spread outward.  The Feijoa started out with only Lavender and Calendula for companions but this spring they have many, many more friends; loads of which were volunteers (or spreading volunteers, like apple mint).

Feijoa arbor guild plants early Spring 2011

Spring Mulch on Site aka Chop and Drop Mulching

It’s important to consider our unique Mediterranean climate this particular time of year. Getting a basic understanding of how our seasons, the hydrologic cycle and your gardens all interact is not only fascinating but essential for healthy plants and soil life.

chop and drop wheat and other grasses for green mulch

 

Precipitation exceeds evaporation in the Spring*.  Air and soil temperatures gradually rise with increasing daylight hours, critters become more active, plants begin to grow again and everyone thrives with the moisture and additional warmth of early Spring.  How we can utilize this seasonal activity to our benefit and ultimately the health of the whole landscape? 

Mulch-on-Site 
aka Chop and Drop mulching

FROST and FREEZE Protection Tips

When temperatures drop to freezing (32˚F) the water inside plants freezes too.  When temperatures reach below freezing (< 28˚F ) it begins to cause extensive cellular damage and loss of plant life. 

Protection methods prevent desiccation and heat loss.

s       WATER -Water loses heat more slowly than air, as  moisture is released from the soil during the night, the temperature of the air around the plant slightly increases. 

s       COVER -Stake and cover potted plants and small trees with frost cloth, burlap, linen or old bed sheets.

s       POTTED PLANTS -Bring succulent plants, like Aloe vera, and other sensitive potted plants INSIDE.

s       COLLECT HEAT -Place milk jugs painted black and filled with water around your plants where they will collect heat from the sun during the day.

s       MULCH -Heavily mulch perennial plants that are sensitive to frost or those that have not yet begun dormancy in the event of an early hard freeze.

frosty forest garden

A brief lesson in photoperiodism...

Moonflowers are Short day plants

 Photoperiodism is the effect of the length of day and night on plant growth and development.

The effect of photoperiod on flower development is diverse among plant species.  Not all plants respond the same. There are three distinct groups: Short day, Long day and Day neutral plants.

Short day = Long night

Long day = Short night

Long nights (Winter) and short nights (Summer) are really the basis for this effect in plants.  It is generally spoken of in terms of day length when in reality it is the amount of DARKNESS that triggers the flowering response. 

Moonflowers (see 10/1/2010 post) are one of the Short day plants we're very fond of...

Moonflower

Ipomoea alba

A member of the morning glory family these sturdy vines' flowers appear like a full moon.   It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the New World. 

The flowers of Ipomoea alba open quickly in the evening, last through the night and remain open until touched by the morning sun where they often never bloom again.  Moonflowers are what is called a ‘short day’ plant (based on photoperiod -see Eco Land Tips) and in the Northern hemisphere they won’t set buds until early Fall when the night length is near 12 hours.

Use: Ipomoea alba contains sulfur compounds which 3000 years ago was extracted in a liquid form and used to cure latex into a highly elastic rubber.  Mesoamericans used the rubber to craft large, resilient balls which they then used in a ritual game for religious ceremonies.  The ball game also involved gambling for land, slaves and other valuables. The whole plant can also be used externally to treat snakebite.

Costmary

 Tanacetum balsamita

Costmary is a native of the Orient, but has now become naturalized in many parts of the world.  While not as popular today as it was historically it has a particular charm in the garden; if given room to spread out.   The scent of the leaves is the quality of Costmary people find soothing; it has a balsam smell with a slight mint aroma.   

Below are a few of the uses of Costmary:

Costmary is a lovely garnish for lemonades, iced teas and other beverages. When the leaves are young it can be added to fruit salads, cold soups and green salads.

Use the leaves for a bookmark.  Dry leaves between layers of clean paper, under a heavy weight; this will ensure that pages of the book don’t warp or become discolored with use.

The fresh leaves can also be used much like geranium leaves by laying them in the baking pan before pouring in the batter for a cake or other baked dessert.

Rinse water: use in rinse water after wash cycle

• 2 tablespoons dried costmary
• 2 cups boiling water
• Glass bowl
• Infuse for 1-2 hours
• Strain
• Use in rinse water

Golden Treasures of Spring

The golden, oval dots pictured above are ladybug eggs. This ladybug knew what she was doing! Laying her eggs right next to a food source (red aphids) is a choice place for the eggs to hatch. In 4-10 days these babies will find a real sweet meal!

The larval phase of the ladybug lifecycle is the most voracious feeding stage of all. Known to eat as many as 400 aphids before they pupate ladybug larvae (pictured below) do a fine job keeping aphids and other garden pests at bay.

2 Fun Facts about Ladybugs:

• In the lifetime of a single adult ladybug, over 5000 aphids will have been consumed.
• One ladybug can lay up to 1000 eggs in her lifetime.

 Thank you Gaia!

Permaculture Principle of Relative Location

Relative Location:  'through proper placement of elements we can save time and energy'

In these Before and After photos we illustrate a sheet mulched turf area that has been beautified, diversified and rejuvinated in an relatively simple manner... to grow food for family and friends (all friends -2, 4, 6, 8 legged and more!)

The spiral provides easy access to the  growing area from all sides plus the beauty of a spiral in Zone 1-2.  Plants are grown with aspect in mind; shade tolerant plants to the northern edges.  The potatoes are grown vertically saving space for succession of the edible forest garden in the subcanopy beyond.

FYI: a south facing slope (aspect) increases heat absorption extending the growing season for food production and warming homes/ greenhouses in colder months...

Start small and build on success

Beneficial Insects: Spiders

Two banded spiders with two totally different lifestyles...

Pictured above is the large banded garden spider, Argiope trifasciata. This type of spider is an ORB weaver, spinning their webs into circles commonly seen in gardens.

Below is pictured the hunting white-banded crab spider, Misumenoides formosipes. A predator with no web spinning abilities it attacks its prey, hopefully a garden pest!

While they both look kind of strange and creepy neither one of them is dangerous; to humans that is...

“California graywater liberation day”

Art Ludwig says this of historic Tuesday, August 4th in California.

Yesterday, California Regulators issued an emergency decision that will allow residents to create simple water-reuse systems without a construction permit. Such as the Laundry to Landscape system that Art Ludwig has modeled for years, in addition to the thousands of other Californians. This emergency ruling is based on CA governors drought condition report of 2007 and last year.

While the single use system is legal without a permit other more complicated systems will require one to go though the permitting process.

http://hcd.ca.gov/codes/shl/graywater_emergency.html

One positive step in the right direction... now let's stop using flush toilets!!